E This statement fetches the first struc_name1 record using the > key given in str_expr within the set, set_name, ' where struc_name2 is the owner.
H 14.9.11 SET STRUCTURE, SET, USING
E SET STRUCTURE struc_name1, SET 'set_name', USING struc_name2
< 10 OPEN STRUCTURE class: name 'devint:intest_dbms' < 20 OPEN STRUCTURE part : name 'devint:intest_dbms' > SET STRUCTURE class, SET 'class_part', USING part 30 END
? This statement is used for DBMS handling and fetches the first < struc_name1 within a set. The record referred to by ! struc_name2 is the owner.
I Files are places where information is stored. You can access files from E within your INTOUCH programs. Files exist outside of your program. F Therefore, when your program ends, the file and the information in it K still exists. The next time you run the program, you can access the file, @ remove old information from it and store new information in it.
I Files are stored on devices: disks, tapes, etc.. They are stored under K file specifications, which include a device name. For information on file E names and file specifications, see Section 17.1, File Specifications D and the Command Language and DCL User's Guide of the OpenVMS documentation set.
N The following pages describe the INTOUCH statements used to manipulate files.
A 15.1 OPEN #chnl_num: NAME ...
) OPEN #chnl_num: NAME 'file_spec' A [, ACCESS INPUT| OUTPUT | OUTIN ] [, UNFORMATTED] + [, UNIQUE] [, OPTIMIZE OFF]
9 10 OPEN #1: NAME 'test_file.tmp', ACCESS OUTPUT 8 PRINT #1: 'This is the first line of text.' 9 PRINT #1: 'This is the second line of text.' 20 CLOSE #1 8 30 OPEN #1: NAME 'test_file.tmp', ACCESS INPUT , LINE INPUT #1: line_1$, line_2$ PRINT line_1$ PRINT line_2$ 40 CLOSE #1 RNH ( This is the first line of text. ) This is the second line of text.
B OPEN opens a file so you can read from it and write to it. ( You can also use OPEN to create a file.
: OPEN either opens an existing file or creates a new one. A #chnl_num is the channel number associated with the file. C chnl_num can be any integer number in the range of 1 to 95. I (0 is the channel number associated with the terminal. Channel number 0 I cannot be opened or closed.) The channel number is used to refer to the J file. The channel number must be unique. If a channel number is already 9 associated with an open file, an exception is generated.
H file_spec gives the file specification of the file being opened. 5 The file specification can be any string expression.
H The OPEN statement has several options. Multiple options are separated with commas.
= The ACCESS option specifies one of three input/output K options. These options tell INTOUCH whether you want to input (read) data, . output (store) data or input and output data.
B When you write to a file opened as UNFORMATTED, the writes F are done without any carriage control. This allows various character O sequences to be sent to the channel without having CR/LF (carriage return/line feed) sequences sent as well.
< 10 OPEN #1: NAME 'tt:', ACCESS OUTPUT, UNFORMATTED 20 FOR i = 1 TO 10 PRINT #1: i; NEXT i 30 END * RNH 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10D
A When you specify OPTIMIZE OFF, the file is opened without & any of the INTOUCH I/O optimizations.
5 10 OPEN #2: NAME 'report.txt', OPTIMIZE OFF 20 END>
@ When the UNIQUE option is used, the file is created with F a unique name. These are usually temporary work or holding files for listings, etc.
, 10 OPEN #12: UNIQUE, ACCESS OUTPUT 20 ASK #12: NAME x$ 30 PRINT x$ 40 CLOSE #12 50 END RNH # SYS$SCRATCH:TMP_B90001.TMP
E The following example illustrates how to create uniquely named files based on file_spec.
< 10 OPEN #12: NAME 'payroll', UNIQUE, ACCESS OUTPUT 20 ASK #12: NAME x$ 30 PRINT x$ 40 CLOSE #12 50 END RNH ' SYS$SCRATCH:PAYROLL_AE0001.TMP8
CLOSE [#chnl_num | ALL]
9 10 OPEN #1: NAME 'test_file.lis', ACCESS OUTPUT 0 20 PRINT #1: 'This is the first line.' 1 30 PRINT #1: 'Here is the second line.' 40 CLOSE #1 50 END
7 CLOSE #chnl_num closes a file. CLOSE ALL I closes all files. You should close your files before your program ends.
M CLOSE closes a file from further access. Once a file is closed, data cannot H be stored in it or read from it. chnl_num is the channel number G associated with the file. (The channel number is assigned in the OPEN H statement.) The channel number can be given as any numeric expression.
> The PRINT #chnl_num statement writes data to a file so , the data can be referenced at a later time.
N PRINT #chnl_num [, USING print_mask]: [TAB(col){, | ;}] [expr {, | ;} I [TAB(col){, | ;}] expr...] 4 10 OPEN #1: NAME 'test.tmp', ACCESS OUTPUT 5 PRINT #1, USING '{UCASE}?': 'first line' , PRINT #1: TAB(5); 'second line' CLOSE #1 3 20 OPEN #1: NAME 'test.tmp', ACCESS INPUT 0 LINE INPUT #1: record_1$, record_2$ PRINT record_1$ PRINT record_2$ CLOSE #1 30 END RNH FIRST LINE second line ? PRINT writes data to a file. The file must be open and B have a channel number associated with it. chnl_num is the E channel number and it can be any numeric expression. expr is H the expression being stored in the file. When INTOUCH executes a PRINT J statement, it evaluates the expression and stores its value in the file. L The expression is optional. A PRINT statement without an expression writes a blank line to the file.
E 15.4 INPUT #chnl_num: var, var...
% INPUT #chnl_num: var, var...
6 10 OPEN #1: NAME 'number.dat', ACCESS OUTPUT PRINT #1: 1; 2; 3 CLOSE #1 5 20 OPEN #1: NAME 'number.dat', ACCESS INPUT INPUT #1: a, b, c PRINT a; b; c 30 CLOSE #1 40 END RNH 1 2 3
> The INPUT #chnl_num statement is used to read the data N stored in a file. The file must be open and have a channel number associated : with it. The simplest version of the INPUT statement is:
INPUT #chnl_num: var
E chnl_num is the channel number associated with the file. The A channel number can be any integer expression. var is the K variable the data is assigned to. Each time data is input from a file, it J must be assigned to a variable. The data input must match the variable's J data type. INTOUCH inputs data sequentially starting at the beginning of the file.
I 15.4.1 Inputting Multiple Variables
K One INPUT statement can be used to input data into a number of variables. = The variables in the INPUT list must be separated by commas.
* INPUT #chnl_num: var, var, var...
K INTOUCH inputs data sequentially, starting from the beginning of the file. J INTOUCH continues inputting data until all the variables in the list have values.
10 DIM num(10) 6 OPEN #1: NAME 'number.dat', ACCESS OUTPUT 20 PRINT #1: 1 PRINT #1: 2 PRINT #1: 3 30 CLOSE #1 5 40 OPEN #1: NAME 'number.dat', ACCESS INPUT 50 FOR i = 1 TO 3 INPUT #1: num(i) PRINT num(i); NEXT i 60 CLOSE #1 70 END RNH 1 2 3
L If the variable and data types don't match, an exception will be generated.
D If an attempt is made to input more data than the file contains, an exception is generated.
R 15.5 LINE INPUT #chnl_num: str_var, str_var...
B LINE INPUT #chnl_num [, EOF num_var]: str_var, str_var...
8 10 OPEN #1: NAME 'test_file.tmp', ACCESS INPUT , 20 LINE INPUT #1: line_1$, line_2$ # PRINT line_1$, line_2$ 30 CLOSE #1 40 END RNH Q This is the first line of text. This is the second line of text.
? LINE INPUT #chnl_num reads a line of text from a file. M Everything on the line including commas, quotation marks, semi-colons, etc., ' is accepted as part of the input line.
I The file must be open and have a channel number associated with it. The 1 simplest version of the LINE INPUT statement is:
& LINE INPUT #chnl_num: str_var
E chnl_num is the channel number associated with the file. The E channel number can be any integer expression. str_var is the J variable to which data is being assigned. When INTOUCH executes the LINE L INPUT statement, it reads a line from the file and assigns it to the string variable specified.
K LINE INPUT accepts as the input data, everything from the beginning of the L line up to the first line terminator. The contents of the line---including G commas, quotation marks, tabs, leading and trailing spaces, etc.---are F assigned to the string variable specified. A string variable must be J specified. If a numeric variable is specified, an error will result. If J the line being read is empty, INTOUCH assigns a null string to the string variable.
? The EOF option of LINE INPUT causes INTOUCH to return a I TRUE/FALSE value indicating when the end-of-file has been reached. This M eliminates the need for an error handler when reading files. The format is:
3 LINE INPUT #chnl_num, EOF num_var: str_var
10 ven_ch = _CHANNEL / OPEN #ven_ch: NAME 'test_file.tmp' DO : LINE INPUT #ven_ch, EOF endfile?: datafile$ * IF endfile? THEN EXIT DO , PRINT 'line was: '; datafile$ LOOP CLOSE #1 20 END RNH 2 line was: This is the first line of text. 3 line was: This is the second line of text.
6 _CHANNEL is the next available channel number.
K LINE INPUT can be used to read several lines of data from a file. To read J more than one item, separate the string variables with commas. Lines are L read sequentially, starting from the beginning of the file, and assigned to the variables listed.
8 10 OPEN #1: NAME 'test_file.tmp', ACCESS INPUT , 20 LINE INPUT #1: line_1$, line_2$ ! PRINT '1 '; line_1$ ! PRINT '2 '; line_2$ 30 CLOSE #1 40 END RNH + 1 This is the first line of text. , 2 This is the second line of text.
A If an attempt is made to input more data than the file contains, INTOUCH generates an exception.
N ASK #chnl_num: [NAME str_var][, ZONEWIDTH num_var] [, MARGIN num_var] + [, CURRENT str_var]
7 10 OPEN #3: NAME 'storage.dat', ACCESS OUTPUT 20 ASK #3: ZONEWIDTH x 7 PRINT 'The current print zone width is'; x 30 CLOSE #3 40 END RNH + The current print zone width is 20
> Use ASK #chnl_num to find what various characteristics a device is set to.
L ASK returns the characteristic of the device specified and stores the value = in a num_var or str_var. chnl_num is an L optional channel number. If no channel number is specified, INTOUCH checks J the default device. If a channel number is specified, INTOUCH checks the , device associated with that channel number.
6 An option must be included in the ASK #chnl_numE statement. The ask options currently available are described below.
> ASK #chnl_num: ZONEWIDTH finds the print zone width of C the device specified and assigns the value to the numeric variable num_var.
7 10 OPEN #3: NAME 'storage.dat', ACCESS OUTPUT 20 ASK #3: ZONEWIDTH x 7 PRINT 'The current print zone width is'; x 30 CLOSE #3 40 END RNH + The current print zone width is 20
A ASK MARGIN finds the right margin of the device specified > and assigns its value to the numeric variable num_var.
9 10 OPEN #3: NAME 'test_file.tmp', ACCESS OUTPUT 20 ASK #3: MARGIN marg 0 PRINT 'The current margin is'; marg 30 CLOSE #3 40 END RNH " The current margin is 132
@ ASK #chnl_num: CURRENT is used to store a current record value into the str_var.
4 10 OPEN #1: NAME 'temp.tmp', ACCESS OUTPUT FOR z = 1 TO 20 2 PRINT #1: 'This is line number '; z NEXT z CLOSE #1 % 20 OPEN #1: NAME 'temp.tmp' FOR i = 1 TO 5 LINE INPUT #1: a$ NEXT i ASK #1: CURRENT c$ ' PRINT '5th item was: '; a$ 30 FOR i = 1 TO 5 LINE INPUT #1: a$ NEXT i ( PRINT '10th item was: '; a$ 40 SET #1: CURRENT c$ LINE INPUT #1: a$ 1 PRINT 'Back to 5th item again: '; a$ 50 CLOSE #1 60 END RNH - 5th item was: This is line number 5 / 10th item was: This is line number 10 7 Back to 5th item again: This is line number 5
A ASK #chnl_num: NAME asks the INTOUCH operating system for C the file specification of the file open on channel #chnl_num * and stores the value into str_var.
10 out_ch = 12 @ 20 OPEN #out_ch: NAME 'sys$scratch:minutes.lis', & ACCESS OUTPUT ! 30 ASK #out_ch: NAME x$ 40 PRINT x$ 50 CLOSE #out_ch 60 END RNH ! USER:[TESTER]MINUTES.LIS<
C SET # chnl_num: [ ZONEWIDTH num_expr ] [, MARGIN int_expr] - [, CURRENT str_expr]
7 10 OPEN #3: NAME 'storage.dat', ACCESS OUTPUT 20 ASK #3: ZONEWIDTH x 7 PRINT 'The current print zone width is'; x ! SET #3: ZONEWIDTH 35 ASK #3: ZONEWIDTH x 3 PRINT 'The new print zone width is'; x 30 CLOSE #3 40 END RNH + The current print zone width is 20 ' The new print zone width is 35
; SET #chnl_num sets various device characteristics. A chnl_number is a channel number. If no channel number is I specified, INTOUCH sets the default device (the terminal). If a channel J number is specified, INTOUCH sets the device associated with that channel number.
H When a device characteristic is SET, it remains set until the device is I closed. Therefore, if the terminal is SET, it will remain SET until you F exit from the INTOUCH environment or the SET statement is used again.
C 15.7.1 SET #chnl_num: Options
8 An option must be included with the SET #chnl_numE statement. The set options currently available are described below:
= SET #chnl_num: ZONEWIDTH sets the print zone width of ? the device specified to the number designated. num_expr I indicates the width to set the device's print zones. See above example.
A SET #chnl_num: MARGIN sets the right margin on the device B specified to the number indicated. int_expr specifies the M column to set the margin to. The margin must be greater than the zonewidth.
7 10 OPEN #3: NAME 'storage.dat', ACCESS OUTPUT 20 SET #3: MARGIN 45 , PRINT #3: REPEAT$('1234567',10) CLOSE #3 6 30 OPEN #3: NAME 'storage.dat', ACCESS INPUT DO 1 LINE INPUT #3, EOF endfile?: item$ * IF endfile? THEN EXIT DO PRINT item$ LOOP 40 CLOSE #3 50 END RNH 6 123456712345671234567123456712345671234567123 " 4567123456712345671234567 > SET #chnl_num: CURRENT sets the current record to that @ specified by str_expr. The str_expr contains the 5 information for the record you want to make current.
4 10 OPEN #1: NAME 'temp.tmp', ACCESS OUTPUT FOR z = 1 TO 20 2 PRINT #1: 'This is line number '; z NEXT z CLOSE #1 % 20 OPEN #1: NAME 'temp.tmp' FOR i = 1 TO 5 LINE INPUT #1: a$ NEXT i ASK #1: CURRENT c$ ' PRINT '5th item was: '; a$ 30 FOR i = 1 TO 5 LINE INPUT #1: a$ NEXT i ( PRINT '10th item was: '; a$ 40 SET #1: CURRENT c$ LINE INPUT #1: a$ 1 PRINT 'Back to 5th item again: '; a$ 50 CLOSE #1 60 END RNH - 5th item was: This is line number 5 / 10th item was: This is line number 10 7 Back to 5th item again: This is line number 57
KILL str_expr
H 5 ! DANGER -- Executing this program will DELETE a file ; 10 INPUT 'What file do you want to delete': file$ 20 KILL file$ 30 END RNH ) What file do you want to delete?
; Use KILL to delete a file from within your program.
E KILL searches for and deletes the file specified in str_expr, L the string expression. You must include the full file name with extension. I If you do not include a version number, KILL will delete the most recent version only.
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